How to Self-Publish an eBook

How to Self-Publish an eBook When you decide to publish your book, you have several options for what medium and what distribution channels to use. While many authors think only of the traditional paper bound books, eBooks are becoming more and more popular by the day. With new apps for phones, iPads, tablets, and other reading devices which have become everyday items for almost every age group, choosing the eBook path is a smart option.eBooks are less expensive and faster to market, and they are more accessible to readers. Plus, you, as the author, are able to control much more of the process than you would with a traditional paperback or hardback print.Why choose eBooks?Lets first discuss why going the eBook route is a very good idea for people who are self-publishing. Typically, with hardback and paperback prints, an author can expect to get from 4% to 10% of the list price for each book sold. If youre publishing your own book, however, youll have to make up the upfront costs before you can really count anythi ng as a profit.With eBooks, the upfront costs are minimal and you receive up to 50% of the list price for each book sold. This is a pretty compelling reason to self-publish an eBook! On top of the much bigger commission, the time it takes to get your book to the masses is much shorter. Printing books on paper can take from six weeks to four months to get your book from your desk to a retailer for sale. With an eBook, the time to market is only a fraction of that time.eBooks are the books of the future. While those of us who love the tactile sensation of turning physical pages as we become engrossed in a story are sad to see the decline in paperbacks and hardbacks, eBooks are here to stay and will take us into the future.This can be a good thing, though, when you publish your eBook. If your book can go or be anywhere within mere moments, then your reader base can jump in size exponentially. So really, eBooks are basically your only choice to reach as many people as possible.Choose yo ur platform: How to format your eBookWe all like choices. We want to feel like we are in control of our life and our destiny. So, when it comes to choosing a format for your eBook, why does it seem like such a chore? Well, I say it doesnt have to be. With the low cost of entry for eBooks, you can choose more than one option. Here is a quick list of popular eBook formats.ePub This is the basic technical standard for eBooks. It was developed by the International Digital Publishing Forum. eBooks in this format can be read by almost any eBook reader, from the Amazon Kindle Fire and Barnes Nobles Nook to Apples iBooks app and Google Books app. Since it is a standard in the industry, this format has become the most widespread eBook format. There are many free online tools that will convert your .doc (Word) files into the ePub format.iBook Apple created their own eBook format called iBook. This is based on the ePub standard and has restrictions on where you can sell. These eBooks can only be sold on Apple devices.PDF This format is structured around the standard Portable Document Format that was created by Adobe. Many programs have PDF creation capabilities built in, so creating documents in this format is probably the easiest.Amazon Kindle This format is called KDP, or Kindle Direct Publishing. This format has some HTML and CSS3 built into it, which can help your eBook to look good on Kindle devices.First decide what platform you want to sell your book on, and then choose a format that will fit that platform and the devices that you think people will use to read your book. You could even create a website that is your book. Building an HTML5 website is much easier today than it used to be now that there are websites designed to help you to create your own site with minimal or no programming experience.Preparing your manuscriptOne aspect of getting ready to self-publish that many authors either ignore or dont think they have the resources for is editing. Having a pro fessional editor go through your manuscript to eliminate inconsistencies, typos, formatting issues, and more is an essential part of your eBooks success. It is well-known that its nearly impossible to fully edit your own writing, so having a neutral party examine your writing is a must. If you dont have the resources to hire a professional editor, then there are some other options to help you to still get some of the benefits from this step.Get a friend to read the eBook. If you have a friend who reads a lot or has experience with your genre, ask her to help you out by reading the book. Take her notes and implement the changes you feel improve your book.After taking a short break from the material, take your text away from where you normally write and read through it again. This will help give some separation between you and the text, which helps errors to pop out at you more clearly.Read the text in a different format than you normally would. For example, you could print the pages out on paper and read them, using a pen or a pencil to make notes on things you catch. You could also change the font size to something much larger than you have been using, which will cause misspellings and typos to more easily jump out from the page.Hire an editor to go through just the first couple of chapters. Take what they find in those chapters and use that knowledge to look for specific things. For example, they might find that a certain word is misspelled often or maybe you used two different names for the same character. Having a specific idea of what to look for will help you to self-edit the rest of the book.Read the manuscript from the ending to the beginning. By taking sentences out of context or order or by looking at each word on its own, your brain will disengage from its normal process of filling in the blanks. Instead of skipping over words that may be misspelled, those errors will become apparent to you.Using imagesIf your book has a lot of pictures or drawings, then you will want to first make sure that you have the right permissions to use those images. If they are your own photographs or drawings, then copyright isnt something you need to worry about. If you have downloaded the images from a stock photo website, then youll want to make sure you have the correct license.If you are creating a comic book or a graphic novel, then a tool like Amazons Kindle Comic Creator might be a good option for you. This tool was designed specifically for formatting books with comic images.With childrens books, you also need to use a tool that can help you to properly format the images with the text so that it comes across clearly on electronic book readers. Amazon also has a tool specifically for childrens books that is called the Kindle Kids Book Creator.Designing a coverWe all know the old saying Dont judge a book by its cover. But in this modern day of digital print and marketing, the cover makes a huge difference in whether or not someone clicks on yo ur book to buy it. Just like with advertisements, the book cover must stand out on many screen sizes.Regardless of what genre your book is in, your readers and potential readers should know almost immediately what your book is about. Here are some of the main tips to create an effective eBook cover design.If you can afford it, hire a graphic designer, such as one from ServiceScape.com, or use a design competition site to have designers give you their ideas for a cover based on your story synopsis. Telling someone else about your story and having them show you what images that brings into their mind will help you to identify what the cover should show. Is it a true representation of the main character? Should the focus be on the setting of the story? Or are there symbols and ideas that are the main concepts of your book?Consider your font carefully. While some of the flowy, curvy fonts are fun to look at, people browsing on Amazon arent going to be able to read it. Even though the ti tle of your book will be there, viewers eyes are drawn to the picture first. Make it stand out!Once you have a design, test it out in a size similar to what you see on Amazon or other eBook stores, such as Barnes Noble and iBook, to make sure it can stand out in the list of books. If the image isnt clearly communicating the topic of your book when its in a small size, then book browsers are likely to pass right over it.All of the above are wrapped into one main concept: keep it simple. You dont want to have an image with a hundred different things going on. You want something that very clearly and instantly shows the main point of your book.Gather your informationWhen you feel ready to submit your manuscript to an eBook publisher, be sure that you have all the necessary information with you.Book Title This needs to be exactly as it is on the cover.Sub-titles You dont have to have a sub-title, but this can be a good place to include keywords that will be searchable.Description This will be just like the synopsis you would normally see on the back cover of a paperback. Be sure it includes the main topic of the story, maybe one or two main characters, and a twist or a catch that grabs the readers attention.Contributors This is usually the place where you would put your name as the author, and any additional co-authors, translators, editors, etc.Keywords If there is an option to enter keywords, you will definitely want to take advantage of this option. These will act just like keywords for a websiteâ€"this is how people can easily find your book.One final note before you publish is to carefully consider the price of your book. Make sure its in a good range for the genre and platform, and be sure that you feel it is a price you feel comfortable with. Dont sell yourself short, but dont alienate readers by setting the price too high. Do some research on what is out there already, and you will have the right information to set your own perfect price.

Quotes to Celebrate Friendship Day

True friendship stands the test of time. You might be separated by geographical boundaries and distances. But when your  best friend calls, you can transcend any physical or mental boundary. Childhood friends have a special bond with you. They knew you before you became worldly wise, were there in your childhood and teenage years and knew your family. They share your past. Friends you make as an adult see the full blooming of your soul, wit, and heart and are friends in many dimensions. They celebrate your highs and are there to sympathize with your lows. Friendship, like any other relationship, requires care and attention. On Friendship Day, strengthen your friendship with your close buddies. In the spirit of the festival, exchange a token of love share a meaningful quote and raise a toast to a wonderful bond.   Mary Catherwood Two may talk together under the same roof for many years, yet never really meet, and two others at first speech are old friends. C. S. Lewis Friendship is unnecessary, like philosophy, like art ... it has no survival value; rather is one of those things that give value to survival. Claude Mermet Friends are like melons; shall I tell you why? To find one good you must one hundred try. Dag Hammarskjold Friendship needs no words. John Evelyn Friendship is the golden thread that ties the heart of all the world. Pietro Aretino I keep my friends as misers do their treasure, because, of all the things granted us by wisdom, none is greater or better than friendship. Robert Alan The rain may be falling hard outside,But your smile makes it all alright.Im so glad that youre my friend.I know our friendship will never end. Lord Byron Friendship is love without his wings. Solomon Ibn Gabirol My friend is he who will tell me my faults in private. Kahil Gibran Your friend is your needs answered.Let there be no purpose in friendship save the deepening of the spirit. Eustace Budgell Friendship is a strong and habitual inclination in two persons to promote the good and happiness of one another. Charles Peguy Love is rarer than genius itself. And friendship is rarer than love. Mary Dixon Thayer It is not what you give your friend, but what you are willing to give him that determines the quality of friendship. Edward Bulwer-Lytton One of the surest evidences of friendship that one individual can display to another is telling him gently of a fault. If any other can excel it, it is listening to such a disclosure with gratitude and amending the error. Cindy Lew Remember, the greatest gift is not found in a store nor under a tree, but in the hearts of true friends.

What the In-Crowd Wont Tell You About Toefl Essay Topic Samples

What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Toefl Essay Topic Samples The New Fuss About Toefl Essay Topic Samples Once you receive an idea, the practice of writing will be much simpler. Many students have trouble thinking of certain examples, but it's a valuable part of great writing. The writing test usually requires an hour to complete. By being prepared, needless to say! If you've visited the school, reference your visit to demonstrate you've made an attempt to learn more regarding the school. 1 way a student can approach the endeavor is to search for different kinds of question. Also observe the address of the school together with the essence of the work you plan to submit an application for. The ways students ought to be taught about their well-being. To acquire the greatest scores, you are going to need three different, well-written reasons together with specific information. Business people are using social media sites to construct their careers, promote their company and grow their reputations. As a consequence, you can want to practice writing dozens and dozens of responses to produce meaningful improvement. For the second job, you are going to be presented with two options and will need to generate a choice between both of them. The 30-Second Trick for Toefl Essay Topic Samples An argumentative essay requires you to choose a topic and have a position on it. It is definitely better to start with writing about topics you've already read about and formed opinions on. Nonetheless, the topics will most likely be very similar overall. Quite frequently, the very best topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get well prepared to research it. TOEFL raters study your capacity to create various forms of sentences. In addition, you would have to prepare and study hard for your tests to attain a high score. Nowadays you know the forms of writing prompts that will show up on the TOEFL exam. Being aware of what graders are interested in and reviewing TOEFL Writing samples can go a very long way towards assisting you to get a high score on this section. 168 TOEFL Essay Writing is attempting to fix these issues. One of the most difficult sections to prep for on the TOEFL may be the essay. The Toefl Essay Topic Samples Stories As soon as you know you're in a negotiating situation, you want to assemble information regarding the other side's offer and utilize it to refine your own. Like the very first job, after making your choice you will need to support that decision with specific examples. A simple means to start your research is to think of a famous individual or event which you would like to find out more about. Moreover, the regular manner of recommendation letters is entirely different in Asian education systems, which causes a letter that may feel very foreign to US admissions o fficers. Again, usually you are going to have to choose between two opposite arguments. Then you'll need to write about both passages. Secondly, naturally, you require good English! You don't have to be a grammar expert, but you need to demonstrate sentence variety. You may make use of these examples to find a clearer idea of what a high-scoring essay appears like and what graders are interested in on the Writing section. These essay thesis statement examples are grouped based on the form of thesis. Students often discover that the majority of their work on those essays is done before they even begin writing. You will be able to take notes as you listen to it though. You're permitted to take notes on the lecture also. Additional in addition, there are several general skills required for the essay format. New Step by Step Roadmap for Toefl Essay Topic Samples Within this section you will locate samples of essays belonging to several essay types and manners of formatting. The following two sections will explain the format and requirements of every one of the writing tasks along with how they'll be scored. In y our cover letter, don't let your contents appear like you're already writing down your lesson program. Likewise don't forget that every student differs and creative approaches can likewise be highly helpful. Therefore, many students and employees decide to get low-cost essay rather than writing it themselves. Receive your free writing evaluation today! Understanding how to compose a cover letter the suitable way is as necessary as grooming your very own physical appearance. Also, an expected client might use matter from this kind of essay. You should think of a notion and offer some evidence. You should give reasons that support your choice. Be free to use different books if my advice doesn't work for you. Speaking about your opinions will ensure it is simpler to write about them. It's advisable that you just choose the topic that you are able to deal with, for instance, if you're not t sketching the personality characteristics then you need to better not elect for it. The topic is going to be a comprehensive surprise.

Functions of Human Resource Management Free Essays

Functions of Human Resource Management: Human Resource Management involves the development of a perfect blend between traditional administrative functions and the well-being of all employees within an organization. Employee retention ratio is directly proportionate to the manner in which the employees are treated, in return for their imparted skills and experience. A Human Resource Manager ideally empowers inter-departmental employee relationships and nurtures scope for down-the-rung employee communication at various levels. We will write a custom essay sample on Functions of Human Resource Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now The field is a derivative of System Theory and Organizational Psychology. Human resources has earned a number of related interpretations in time, but continues to defend the need to ensure employee well-being. Every organization now has an exclusive Human Resource Management Department to interact with representatives of all factors of production. The department is responsible for the development and application of ongoing research on strategic advances while hiring, terminating and training staff. The Human Resource Management Department is responsible for: * Understanding and relating to employees as individuals, thus identifying individual needs and career goals. Developing positive interactions between workers, to ensure collated and constructive enterprise productivity and development of a uniform  organizational culture. * Identify areas that suffer lack of knowledge and insufficient training, and accordingly provide remedial measures in the form of workshops and seminars. * Generate a rostrum for all employees to express their goals and provide th e necessary resources to accomplish professional and personal agendas, essentially in that order. * Innovate new operating practices to minimize risk and generate an overall sense of belonging and accountability. Recruiting the required workforce and making provisions for expressed and promised payroll and benefits. * Implementing resource strategies to subsequently create and sustain competitive advantage. * Empowerment of the organization, to successfully meet strategic goals by managing staff effectively. Ideally, a Human Resource Management Department is responsible for an interdisciplinary examination of all staff members in the workplace. This strategy calls for applications from diverse fields such as  psychology, paralegal studies, industrial engineering, sociology, and a critical understanding of theories ertaining to post-modernism and industrial structuralism. The department bears the onus of converting the available task-force or hired individuals into strategic busine ss partners. This is achieved via dedicated Change Management and focused Employee Administration. The HR functions with the sole goal of  motivating  and encouraging the employees to prove their mettle and add value to the company. This is achieved via various  management  processes like workforce planning and recruitment, induction and orientation of hired task-force and  employee training, administration and appraisals . Definition of SHRM Strategic human resource management can be defined as the linking of human resources with strategic goals and objectives in order to improve business performance and develop organizational culture that foster innovation, flexibility and competitive advantage. In an organisation SHRM means accepting and involving the HR function as a strategic partner in the formulation and implementation of the company’s strategies through HR activities such as recruiting, selecting, training and rewarding personnel. How SHRM differs from HRM In the last two decades there has been an increasing awareness that HR functions were like an island unto itself with softer people-centred values far away from the hard world of real business. In order to justify its own existence HR functions had to be seen as more intimately connected with the strategy and day to day running of the business side of the enterprise. Many writers in the late 1980s, started clamoring for a more strategic approach to the management of people than the standard practices of traditional management of people or industrial relations models. Strategic human resource management focuses on human resource programs with long-term objectives. Instead of focusing on internal human resource issues, the focus is on addressing and solving problems that effect people management programs in the long run and often globally. Therefore the primary goal of strategic human resources is to increase employee productivity by focusing on business obstacles that occur outside of human resources. The primary actions of a strategic human resource manager are to identify key HR areas where strategies can be implemented in the long run to improve the overall mployee motivation and productivity. Communication between HR and top management of the company is vital as without active participation no cooperation is possible. Key Features of Strategic Human Resource Management The key features of SHRM are * There is an explicit linkage between HR policy and practices and overall organizational strategic aims and the organizational environment * There is some organizing schema linking individual HR interventions so that they are mutually supportive * Much of the responsibility for the management of human resources is devolved down the line Frederick Herzberg Factor Hygiene and Motivation Theory Frederick Herzberg, contributed to human relations and motivation two theories of motivation as follows: * Hygiene Theory * Motivation Herzbergs’ first component in his approach to motivation theory involves what are known as the hygiene factors and includes the work and organizational environment. These hygiene factors include: * The organization * Its policies and its administration * The kind of supervision (leadership and management, including perceptions) which people receive while on the job * Working conditions (including ergonomics) * Interpersonal relations Salary * Status * Job security These factors do not lead to higher levels of motivation but without them there is dissatisfaction. The second component in Herzbergs†™ motivation theory involves what people actually do on the job and should be engineered into the jobs employees do in order to develop intrinsic motivation with the workforce. The motivators are * Achievement * Recognition * Growth / advancement * Interest in the job These factors result from internal instincts in employees, yielding motivation rather than movement. Both these approaches (hygiene and motivation) must be done simultaneously. Treat people as best you can so they have a minimum of dissatisfaction. Use people so they get achievement, recognition for achievement, interest, and responsibility and they can grow and advance in their work. Therefore, the hygiene and motivation factors can be listed as follows: Hygiene * Company policies and administration * Supervision * Working conditions and interpersonal relations * Salary, status and security Motivators * Achievement * Recognition for achievement * Interest in the task * Responsibility for enlarged task * Growth and advancement to higher level tasks Effects on Individuals of Working Environment The working environment has an effect on individuals as follows: * It will provide at least sufficient for his basic needs and often much more. For example, 50 years ago in the United Kingdom, food and shelter were a person’s basic needs. Today, most families will consider that the basic needs also include a car, television, overseas holiday, etc. * It may or may not provide adequate security. Again, most individuals seek a secure job, there are others including some men on oil rigs, who seek high pay for a limited period but with limited security. It provides an individual with an identity. As a member of an organization, he carries out a specific function. * It also gives the worker comradeship, freedom from boredom, and an interest during his working life. * It also provides self-fulfillment for individual where consideration has been given to ensure that the job is creative and gives job satisfaction. * It provides the individu al with status. There is a status in all jobs providing the job content is investigated to make the work more interesting. Effects on Work Groups of Working Environment Rensis Likert has already described how the various management styles in an organization can effect the groups in an organization. Whilst the working environment will affect individuals, it will undoubtedly have a greater effect on working groups, since whilst an individual may have certain needs, he will not obtain those needs if the working environment does not provide the needs of the working group. The working group is the instrument of society through which in large measure the individual acquires his attitudes, opinions, goals and ideals, it is also one of the fundamental sources of discipline and social controls. Therefore, the working environment has an effect on groups as follows: * It will affect the morale of the group. * It will determine whether the group achieves the objectives set by the organization. * It will determine whether the degree of cooperation provided by the group * It will motivate the group to give of their best. * It will determine whether the human relations within an organization are good or bad. * It will also affect the relations between management and trade unions. SWOT Analysis A scan of the internal and external environment is an important part of the strategic planning process. Environmental factors internal to the firm usually can be classified as strengths (S) or weaknesses (W), and those external to the firm can be classified as opportunities (O) or threats (T). Such an analysis of the strategic environment is referred to as a SWOT analysis. The SWOT analysis provides information that is helpful in matching the firm’s resources and capabilities to the competitive environment in which it operates. As such, it is instrumental in strategy formulation and selection. The following diagram shows how a SWOT analysis fits into an environmental scan: SWOT Analysis Framework Environmental Scan| |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  | Internal Analysis  Ã‚  Ã‚  |   Ã‚  Ã‚  External Analysis| /   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  / | Strengths  Ã‚  Ã‚  Weaknesses  Ã‚  Ã‚  |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Opportunities  Ã‚  Ã‚  Threats| || SWOT Matrix| | Strengths A firm’s strengths are its resources and capabilities tha t can be used as a basis for developing a competitive advantage. Examples of such strengths include: * patents * strong brand names * good reputation among customers * cost advantages from proprietary know-how * exclusive access to high grade natural resources * favorable access to distribution networks Weaknesses The absence of certain strengths may be viewed as a weakness. For example, each of the following may be considered weaknesses: * lack of patent protection * a weak brand name * poor reputation among customers * high cost structure * lack of access to the best natural resources * lack of access to key distribution channels In some cases, a weakness may be the flip side of a strength. Take the case in which a firm has a large amount of manufacturing capacity. While this capacity may be considered a strength that competitors do not share, it also may be a considered a weakness if the large investment in manufacturing capacity prevents the firm from reacting quickly to changes in the strategic nvironment. Opportunities The external environmental analysis may reveal certain new opportunities for profit and growth. Some examples of such opportunities include: * an unfulfilled customer need * arrival of new technologies * loosening of regulations * removal of international trade barriers Threats Changes in the external environmental also may present t hreats to the firm. Some examples of such threats include: * shifts in consumer tastes away from the firm’s products * emergence of substitute products * new regulations * increased trade barriers The SWOT Matrix A firm should not necessarily pursue the more lucrative opportunities. Rather, it may have a better chance at developing a competitive advantage by identifying a fit between the firm’s strengths and upcoming opportunities. In some cases, the firm can overcome a weakness in order to prepare itself to pursue a compelling opportunity. To develop strategies that take into account the SWOT profile, a matrix of these factors can be constructed. The SWOT matrix (also known as a TOWS Matrix) is shown below: SWOT / TOWS Matrix | Strengths| Weaknesses| Opportunities| S-O strategies| W-O strategies| Threats| S-T strategies| W-T strategies| * S-O strategies pursue opportunities that are a good fit to the company’s strengths. * W-O strategies overcome weaknesses to pursue opportunities. * S-T strategies identify ways that the firm can use its strengths to reduce its vulnerability to external threats. * W-T strategies establish a defensive plan to prevent the firm’s weaknesses from making it highly susceptible to external threats. Target Market The focus of marketing effort is people. The goal is to reach a subset of the population who may be interested in your particular product. That group of people is your target market. The term target market is used because that market is the target at which you aim all your marketing efforts. The market you are trying to reach are people with common characteristics that set them apart as a group. The more you know about a target market, the more precisely you can develop your marketing strategy. The table below shows some examples of market segments (or groups): Type of Market Segment| Shared Group Characteristics| Demographic Segment| Measurable statistics such as age, income, or occupation. | Psychographic Segment| Lifestyle preferences such as music lovers or urban dwellers. Use-based Segment| Frequency of usage such as recreational drinking or traveling. | Benefit Segment| Desire to obtain the same product benefits such as luxury, thriftiness, or comfort from food. | Geographic Segment| Location such as home address or business address. | Here are examples of target segments that can be created using the above table: * Women business owners between the ages of 25 and 60 earning more than $25,000 annually form a demographic segment. * People who drive compact cars due to their fuel efficiency form a benefit segment. Design Marketing Strategies With Your Target Market In Mind The reason you need to identify a target market is because it makes strategies for designing, pricing, distributing, promoting, positioning and improving your product, service or idea easier, more effective, and more cost-effective. For example, if research shows that a sturdy recyclable package with blue lettering appeals to your target market and if you are focused on that target market, you would choose that type of packaging. If, however, you are product- or profit-oriented, rather than people oriented, you might choose to make the package out of plain styrofoam because it rotects the product (product-oriented) or because it’s cheap (profit-oriented). Or, if you know your target market is 24- to 49-year-old men who like rhythm ; blues, are frequent CD buyers, and live in urban neighborhoods, you can create an advertising message to appeal to those types of buyers. Additionally, you could buy spots on a specific radio station or TV show that appeals to this type of buyer, r ather than buying general media time. In summary, when you’re making marketing decisions and you say â€Å"kinda,† it’s costing you money. Know whom you are aiming for (your target market) and create a strategy for a direct hit. How to cite Functions of Human Resource Management, Essay examples

YMCA Management free essay sample

A paper which presents a detailed examination of quality management at the YMCA. The paper shows that the YMCA (Young Mens Christian Association) is a world-wide organization that provides many different programs and opportunities for its members. It discusses the complexity of the situation as the organization offers many different financial programs as well as participation programs. The implementation of a quality management system, therefore, is a vital component to the success of the YMCA both in individual centers as well as the overall organization. The paper stresses the importance to maintain a quality management system both at the corporate level and at the level of the individual worldwide centers. Implementing a quality management system for the worldwide organization of YMCA can be complicated. While the corporate level may design and implement a program that provides for high ethical standards it will be difficult to insure that each center will follow those standards. We will write a custom essay sample on YMCA Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It will depend on the interlocked relationship between the corporate culture and the ability to deliver a quality management system on a center-by-center basis.

The Long Telegram of George Kennan

The Long Telegram of George Kennan The Long Telegram was sent by George Kennan from the United States Embassy in Moscow to Washington, where it was received on February 22nd, 1946. The telegram was prompted by US inquiries about Soviet behavior, especially with regards to their refusal to join the newly created World Bank and International Monetary Fund. In his text, Kennan outlined Soviet belief and practice and proposed the policy of containment, making the telegram a key document in the history of the Cold War. The name long derives from the telegrams 8000-word length. US and Soviet Division The US and USSR had recently fought as allies, across Europe in the battle to defeat Nazi Germany, and in Asia to defeat Japan. US supplies, including trucks, had helped the Soviets weather the storm of Nazi attacks and then push them right back to Berlin. But this was a marriage from purely one situation, and when the war was over, the two new superpowers regarded each other warily. The US was a democratic nation helping put Western Europe back into economic shape. The USSR was a murderous dictatorship under Stalin, and they occupied a swathe of Eastern Europe and wished to turn it into a series of buffer, vassal states. The US and the USSR seemed very much opposed. The US thus wanted to know what Stalin and his regime were doing, which was why they asked Kennan what he knew. The USSR would join the UN, and would make cynical overtures about joining NATO, but as the Iron Curtain fell on Eastern Europe, the US realized they now shared the world with a huge, powerful and anti-democratic rival. Containment Kennans Long Telegram didnt just reply with insight into the Soviets. It coined the theory of containment, a way of dealing with the Soviets. For Kennan, if one nation became communist, it would apply pressure on its neighbors and they too might become communist. Hadnt Russia now spread to the east of Europe? Werent communists working in China? Werent France and Italy still raw after their wartime experiences and looking towards communism? It was feared that, if Soviet expansionism was left unchecked, it would spread over great areas of the globe. The answer was containment. The US should move to help countries at risk from communism by propping them up with the economic, political, military, and cultural aid they needed to stay out of the Soviet sphere. After the telegram was shared around government, Kennan made it public. President Truman adopted the containment policy in his Truman Doctrine and sent the US to counter Soviet actions. In 1947, the CIA spent considerable sums of money to ensure the Christian Democrats defeated the Communist Party in elections, and, therefore, kept the country away from the Soviets.​ Of course, containment was soon twisted. In order to keep nations away from the communist bloc, the US supported some terrible governments, and engineered the fall of democratically elected socialist ones. Containment remained US policy throughout the Cold War, ending in 1991, but discussed as something to be reborn when it came to US rivals ever since.

Tiger I Tank in World War II

Tiger I Tank in World War II The Tiger I was a German heavy tank that saw extensive service during World War II. Mounting the 88 mm KwK 36 L/56 gun and thick armor, the Tiger proved formidable in combat and forced the Allies to alter their armor tactics and develop new weapons to counter it. Though effective on the battlefield, the Tiger was badly over-engineered making it difficult to maintain and expensive to produce. Additionally, its heavy weight increased fuel consumption, limiting range, and made it hard to transport to the front. One of the iconic tanks of the conflict, over 1,300 Tiger Is were built. Design Development Design work on the Tiger I initially began in 1937 at Henschel Sohn in response to a call from the Waffenamt (WaA, German Army Weapons Agency) for breakthrough vehicle (Durchbruchwagen). Moving forward, the first Durchbruchwagen prototypes were dropped a year later in favor of pursuing the more advanced medium VK3001(H) and heavy VK3601(H) designs. Pioneering the overlapping and interleaved main road wheel concept for tanks, Henschel received permission from WaA on September 9, 1938, to continue development. Work progressed as World War II began with the design morphing into the VK4501 project. Despite their stunning victory in France in 1940, the German Army quickly learned that its tanks were weaker and more vulnerable than the French S35 Souma or the British Matilda series. Moving to address this issue, an arms meeting was convened on May 26, 1941, where Henschel and Porsche were asked to submit designs for a 45 tonne heavy tank. Tiger I tank under construction at Henschel plant. Bundesarchiv, Bild 146-1972-064-61 / CC-BY-SA 3.0 To meet this request, Henschel brought forward two versions of its VK4501 design featuring an 88 mm gun and a 75 mm gun respectively. With the invasion of the Soviet Union the following month, the German Army was stunned to encounter armor that was vastly superior to their tanks. Fighting the T-34 and KV-1, German armor found that their weapons were unable to penetrate the Soviet tanks in most circumstances. The only weapon that proved effective was the 88 mm KwK 36 L/56 gun. In response, WaA immediately ordered that prototypes be equipped with the 88 mm and ready by April 20, 1942. In trials at Rastenburg, the Henschel design proved superior and was selected for production under the initial designation Panzerkampfwagen VI Ausf. H. While Porsche had lost the competition, he provided the nickname Tiger. Essentially moved into production as a prototype, the vehicle was altered throughout its run. Tiger I DimensionsLength: 20 ft. 8 in.Width: 11 ft. 8 in.Height: 9 ft. 10 in.Weight: 62.72 tonsArmor ArmamentPrimary Gun: 1 x 8.8 cm KwK 36 L/56Secondary Armament: 2 x 7.92 mm Maschinengewehr 34Armor: 0.98–4.7 in.EngineEngine: 690 hp Maybach HL230 P45Speed: 24 mphRange: 68-120 milesSuspension: Torsion SpringCrew: 5 Features Unlike the German Panther tank, the Tiger I did not draw inspiration from the T-34. Rather than incorporate the Soviet tanks sloping armor, the Tiger sought to compensate by mounting thicker and heavier armor. Featuring firepower and protection at the expense of mobility, the Tigers look and layout were derived from the earlier Panzer IV. For protection, the Tigers armor ranged from 60 mm on the side hull plates to 120 mm at the front of the turret. Building on the experience garnered on the Eastern Front, the Tiger I mounted the formidable 88 mm Kwk 36 L/56 gun. This gun was aimed using Zeiss Turmzielfernrohr TZF 9b/9c sights and was renowned for its accuracy at long range. For power, the Tiger I featured a 641 hp, 21-litre, 12-cylinder Maybach HL 210 P45 engine. Inadequate for the tanks massive 56.9 tonne weight, it was replaced after the 250th production model with a 690 hp HL 230 P45 engine. Featuring torsion bar suspension, the tank used a system of interleaved, overlapping road wheels running on a wide 725 mm (28.5 in) wide track. Due to the extreme weight of the Tiger, a new twin radius type steering system was developed for the vehicle. Another addition to the vehicle was the inclusion of a semi-automatic transmission. Within the crew compartment was space for five. This included the driver and radio operator which were situated in the front, as well as loader in the hull and the commander and gunner in the turret. Due to the Tiger Is weight, it was not capable of using most bridges. As a result, the first 495 produced featured a fording system that allowed the tank to pass through water 4 meters deep. A time consuming process to use, it was dropped in later models which were only capable of fording 2 meters of water. Tiger I crew making track repairs in the field. Bundesarchiv, Bild 101I-310-0899-15 / Vack / CC-BY-SA 3.0 Production Production on the Tiger began in August 1942 in order to rush the new tank to the front. Extremely time-consuming to build, only 25 rolled off the production line in the first month. Production peaked at 104 per month in April 1944. Badly over-engineered, the Tiger I also proved expensive to build costing more than twice as much as a Panzer IV. As a result, only 1,347 Tiger Is were built as opposed to over 40,000 American M4 Shermans. With the arrival of the Tiger II design in January 1944, Tiger I production began to wind down with the last units rolling out that August. Operational History Entering combat on September 23, 1942, near Leningrad, the Tiger I proved formidable but highly unreliable. Typically deployed in separate heavy tank battalions, Tigers suffered high breakdown rates due to engine problems, the overly complicated wheel system, and other mechanical issues. In combat, Tigers had the ability to dominate the battlefield as T-34s equipped with 76.2 mm guns and Shermans mounting 75 mm guns were unable to penetrate its frontal armor and only had success from the side at close range. Due to the superiority of the 88 mm gun, Tigers often had the ability to strike before the enemy could reply. Though designed as a breakthrough weapon, by the time they saw combat in large numbers Tigers largely were used to anchor defensive strong points. Effective in this role, some units were able to achieve kill ratios exceeding 10:1 against Allied vehicles. Despite this performance, the Tigers slow production and high cost relative to its Allied counterparts made such a rate insufficient to overcome the enemy. Through the course of the war, the Tiger I claimed 9,850 kills in exchange for losses of 1,715 (this number includes tanks recovered and returned to service). The Tiger I saw service until the end of the war despite the arrival of the Tiger II in 1944. Fighting the Tiger Threat Anticipating the arrival of heavier German tanks, the British began development of a new 17-pounder anti-tank gun in 1940. Arriving in 1942, QF 17 guns were rushed to North Africa to help deal with the Tiger threat. Adapting the gun for use in an M4 Sherman, the British created the Sherman Firefly. Though intended as a stopgap measure until newer tanks could arrive, the Firefly proved highly effective against the Tiger and over 2,000 were produced. American forces with a captured Tiger I tank in North Africa, 1943. US Army Arriving in North Africa, the Americans were unprepared for the German tank but made no effort to counter it as they did not anticipate seeing it in significant numbers. As the war progressed, Shermans mounting 76 mm guns had some success against Tiger Is at short range and effective flanking tactics were developed. In addition, the M36 tank destroyer, and later the M26 Pershing, with their 90 mm guns also were capable of achieving victory. On the Eastern Front, the Soviets adopted a variety of solutions for dealing with the Tiger I. The first was to restart production of the 57 mm ZiS-2 anti-tank gun which possessed the penetrative power pierce the Tigers armor. Attempts were made to adapt this gun to the T-34 but without meaningful success. In May 1943, the Soviets fielded the SU-152 self-propelled gun which used in an anti-tank role proved highly effective. This was followed by the ISU-152 the next year. In early 1944, they began production of the T-34-85 which possessed an 85 mm gun capable of dealing with the Tigers armor. These up-gunned T-34s were supported in the wars final year by SU-100s mounting 100 mm guns and IS-2 tanks with 122 mm guns.